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| Category | Study Type | Study Findings | Reference | Link |
| Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health | Animal Study – Endothelial Function | Preserved endothelial function and lower oxidative markers in hypercholesterolemic pigs. | Rev Esp Cardiol. 2015;68(3):216–25. | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2014.04.021 |
| Animal Study – Fructose-Fed Rat Model | Lower fat accumulation, microbiota shifts, and urolithin-like metabolites in fructose-fed rats. | Food Funct. 2024;15:7348–7363. | https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo00688g | |
| Clinical Study – Cardiometabolic Health | Lower systolic BP, reduced cortisol, and higher quality-of-life scores. | EC Nutr. 2015;2:396–411. | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341119964 | |
| Clinical Study – Antioxidant Markers | Lower blood pressure and cortisol, higher antioxidant capacity, and urolithin A. | Antioxidants. 2022;11:2124. | https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112124 | |
| Clinical Study – Blood Pressure | Lower diastolic blood pressure after 8 weeks. | J Nutr Sci. 2017;6:e39. | https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2017.36 | |
| Healthy Aging | In Vivo – Longevity & AHR Pathway | Extended lifespan in C. elegans; AHR pathway activation in mouse liver. | Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25:9943. | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189943 |
| Animal Study – Oxidative Stress in Aging Mice | Reduced basal ROS, protected WBC from induced oxidative damage, improved redox balance. | Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26:5957. | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26135957 | |
| Clinical Study – IGF-1 & Telomere Biology | Moderate rise in circulating IGF-1; telomere length maintained over 12 weeks. | Nutrients. 2025;17:2974. | https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17182974 | |
| Sports Nutrition | Clinical Study – Endurance Performance | Improved time to exhaustion and post-exercise muscle recovery. | Nutrients. 2019;11:721. | https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040721 |
| Cognition & Behaviour | Animal Study – Frailty Prevention | Improved coordination and neuromuscular function, with lower oxidative damage in aging mice. | Antioxidants. 2023;12:1991. | https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111991 |
| Clinical Study – Acute Cognitive Performance | Faster logical reasoning and improved working-memory performance. | Academic Press; 2021. Chapter 10. | https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820593-8.00010-0 | |
| Clinical Study – Satiety & Eating Behaviour | Higher satiety ratings and reduced food intake during a test meal. | Foods. 2022;11:2639. | https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11172639 | |
| Healthy Inflammatory Response | In Vitro – Inflammasome Activation | Reduced IL-1β release in ATP-stimulated macrophages. | Cell Death Differ. 2016;23:1219–31. | https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2015.176 |
| In Vitro – Corneal Epithelium Model | Lower IL-8 release and higher cell viability in LPS-stimulated corneal epithelial cells. | J Clin Transl Ophthalmol. 2023;1:52–60. | https://doi.org/10.3390/jcto1020007 | |
| Animal Study – TNF-α–Induced Muscle Catabolism | Maintained muscle mass and reduced inflammatory signalling in TNF-α–challenged mice. | Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017;61:1600169. | https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201600169 | |
| Clinical Study – Cytokines & Cardiometabolic Health | Lower IL-6 and IL-1β, with trends in CRP, TNF-α, and systolic BP. | Nutrients. 2025;17:1235. | https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071235 | |
| Skin Health | In Vitro – Photoaging Effects | Reduced UV-induced ROS, enhanced collagen and HA metabolism, and tyrosinase inhibition. | Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2022;74:51–63. | https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2022.2152189 |
| Microbial Response | In Vitro – Antimicrobial Activity Assays | Bactericidal and antifungal effects against tested microorganisms. | Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25:6943. | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136943 |
| Gut Health | In Vitro – Proof of Concept | Punicalagin converted into ellagic acid by selected probiotics (urolithin precursor formation). | J Agric Food Chem. 2022;70:16273–16285. | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06585 |
| Study Type | Key Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| In-vivo Safety Study (Genotoxicity) | No mutation induced. Safe dose: 30mg/day or 2000mg/kg (single dose) | Mutation Research 777 (2015) |
| Subchronic Toxicity (13 weeks) | No toxicological effect up to 500mg/kg/day | Food Chem Toxicol 84 (2015) |
| Antimicrobial In-vitro Study | Antibacterial activity (E. coli, S. aureus) and antioxidant packaging effects | Foods 2020, 9, 1339 |
| Human Study (15mg/day, 3 weeks) | Improved body composition, antioxidant status, gene expression (inflammation/oxidative stress) | Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017 |
| Antioxidant, CV Support (acute dose) | Strong antioxidant effect, reduced lipid peroxidation, SOD up-regulation | Biomedicine & Prevention 2017 |
| Breast Cancer Patients (adjunct to chemo) | Reduced TIMP-1 levels, potential for improved prognosis | Antioxidants 2019, 8, 393 |
| Exploratory Stroke Study (humans) | Reduced HbA1c, diastolic BP, improved neurological/functional outcomes | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024 |
